Youth literacy rates

Last week, I posted an article on adult literacy with the latest statistics from the UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). Today's article will look at the latest statistics on youth literacy. The youth literacy rate is the share of the population aged 15 to 24 years that is literate.

UNESCO provides national data on youth literacy for 133 countries. This compares to 137 countries for which the adult literacy rate is known. The youth literacy rate is usually higher than the adult literacy rate, especially in developing countries where the education system has expanded over the past decades. In a country where school attendance rates increase over time, persons born in a later year are more likely to attend school and to become literate.

The map below displays the youth literacy rate for each country with data, ranging from 24.2 percent in Mali to 100 percent in Cuba. Most industrialized countries have no data on youth literacy, but school attendance is almost universal in these countries and literacy rates are therefore also high.

Youth literacy rates by country
World map with youth literacy rate by country
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Data Centre, June 2007.

In Eastern Europe, East and Southeast Asia, and Latin America, youth literacy rates are generally 90 percent or higher. In some countries in Africa and the Middle East, youth literacy rates are also at or above 90 percent. Of 133 countries with data, 87 report youth literacy rates between 90 and 100 percent. 10 more countries have literacy rates between 80 and 90 percent.

In 5 countries, less than 40 percent of the population between 15 and 24 years are literate: Mali (youth literacy rate 24.2 percent), Burkina Faso (33.0), Afghanistan (34.3), Niger (36.5), and Chad (37.6). In 8 countries, the youth literacy rate is between 40 and 60 percent: Benin (45.3), Guinea (46.6), Mozambique (47.0), Sierra Leone (47.9), Senegal (49.1), Ethiopia (49.9), Madagascar (57.6), and the Central African Republic (58.5). In the remaining 23 countries, the youth literacy is between 60 and 80 percent.

The complete set of youth and adult literacy statistics is available at the UIS Data Centre.

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Friedrich Huebler, 15 July 2007 (edited 22 July 2007), Creative Commons License
Permanent link: http://huebler.blogspot.com/2007/07/youth-literacy-rates.html

Adult literacy rates

In June 2007, the UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) released its latest literacy statistics, covering the years 1985 to 2005. In a change from literacy statistics released in previous years, UIS only reports on observed literacy and no longer uses proxy variables like educational attainment. The UIS database contains two sets of literacy rates:
  • Youth literacy rate: the share of the population aged 15 to 24 years that is literate.
  • Adult literacy rate: the share of the population aged 15 years and older that is literate.
Both literacy rates are reported at the national and regional level. The adult literacy rate is available for 137 countries, shown in the map below. It ranges from 23.6 percent in Burkina Faso to 99.8 percent in Cuba. For 71 countries, the adult literacy rate is unknown but most of these countries are industrialized and literacy can therefore be assumed to be at a high level.

Adult literacy rates by country
World map with adult literacy rate by country
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Data Centre, June 2007.

Among countries with data, the highest literacy rates are observed in Eastern Europe, East and Southeast Asia, and Latin America. Virtually all countries in these regions have literacy rates above 80 percent. Some countries in Africa also report adult literacy rates at such a high level. In 57 countries worldwide, more than 90 percent of the adult population are literate. 31 countries have literacy rates between 80 and 90 percent.

The lowest literacy rates are observed in Africa and South Asia. In 6 countries, fewer than 3 out of 10 adults are literate: Burkina Faso (adult literacy rate 23.6 percent), Mali (24.0), Chad (24.7), Afghanistan (28.0), Niger (28.7), and Guinea (29.5). In 10 countries, the adult literacy rate is between 30 and 50 percent: Benin (34.7), Sierra Leone (34.8), Ethiopia (35.9), Mozambique (38.7), Senegal (39.3), Bangladesh (47.5), Central African Republic (48.6), Nepal (48.6), Cote d'Ivoire (48.7), and Pakistan (49.9).

In India, the second most populous country in the world, only 6 out of 10 adults are literate (literacy rate 61.0 percent). In China, the country with the largest population, many more people can read and write, with an adult literacy rate of 90.9 percent.

The complete set of literacy statistics is available at the UIS Data Centre.

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Friedrich Huebler, 8 July 2007 (edited 22 July 2007), Creative Commons License
Permanent link: http://huebler.blogspot.com/2007/07/adult-literacy-rates.html

UNESCO releases data from 2006 education survey

The UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) has released the data from its 2006 survey of international education indicators. The database, available free of charge at the UIS Data Centre, contains annual data for 206 countries and territories from the years 1999 to 2006. For most countries, the latest available data is from the year 2005. The chart below presents the distribution of the latest national data for six indicators that are closely linked to the Millennium Development Goals on education.

Distribution of latest national data from UIS 2006 education survey
Histogram showing annual distribution of latest education data from UIS 2006 survey
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Data Centre, June 2007, stats.uis.unesco.org.

The primary school net enrollment rate is available for 177 countries. In 134 countries, the latest data is from 2005 and in 6 countries, the primary NER for 2006 is provided. For two indicators - the survival rate to the last grade of primary school and the transition rate from primary to secondary school - the latest available data for most countries is from 2004. To calculate these two indicators, data from two consecutive years is needed. As an example, to calculate the transition rate from primary to secondary school in the year 2005, data from 2005 and 2006 is required. For this reason, the most recent data lags most other indicators by one year.

The secondary school net enrollment rate is only known for 153 of 206 countries and territories, and in 109 countries the latest data is from 2005. The school life expectancy from primary to tertiary school is provided for 190 countries, and the pupil/teacher ratio in primary school for 193 countries. As with most other indicators, the latest available data is from the year 2005 for the majority of countries.

The release of the data from the 2006 education survey follows the launch of the new UIS Data Centre in June 2007. This online database provides access to pre-defined statistical tables and to customizable tables with a choice of countries, regions and indicators. The UIS Data Centre contains data for more than 1000 types of indicators in the areas of education, science and technology, culture and communication.

Related articles
External links
Friedrich Huebler, 30 June 2007 (edited 15 July 2007), Creative Commons License
Permanent link: http://huebler.blogspot.com/2007/06/unesco-releases-data-from-2006.html